A computer or computer (computer and English East-calculate computare Latin), also called PC (French computer, and this Latin ordinator) is an electronic machine that receives and processes data into information useful. A computer is a collection of integrated circuits and related components that can execute with accuracy, speed and as indicated by a user or automatically by another program, a variety of sequences of instructions or routines that are ordered, organized and systematized according to a wide range of practical applications and precisely determined, a process which has been called by the name of programming and performing it is called a programmer. The computer, in addition to routine or software, you need specific data (these data, taken together, are called "Input" in English or in) to be supplied, which are required at the time of execution to provide the end product of data processing, which is called "output" or exit. The information can then be used, reinterpreted, copied, transferred, or transmitted to another person (s) of person (s), computer (s) or component (s) address (s) locally or remotely using various telecommunication systems and can be recorded , saved or stored on any device or storage unit. The main feature that distinguishes it from other similar devices, such as non-programmable calculator is that it is a general purpose machine, that is, you can perform very different tasks, according to the possibilities offered by programming languages and hardware.
ARCHITECTURE Although the technologies used in digital computers have changed a lot since the first models appeared in the 40's, most still use the von Neumann architecture, published in the early 1940's by John von Neumann, other authors attributed to John Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly. Von Neumann architecture describes a computer with 4 main sections: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU for short English: Arithmetic Logic Unit), the control unit, main memory, and input devices and output (I / S ). These parts are interconnected by conductive channels called buses: • Memory is a sequence of numbered storage cells, where each is a bit or piece of information. The statement is the information needed to make what you want with your computer. The "cells" contain data needed to carry out the instructions in the computer. The number of cells vary widely from computer to computer, and the technologies used for memory have changed considerably, ranging from electromechanical relays, mercury-filled tubes in which acoustic pulses were formed, arrays of permanent magnets, individual transistors to circuits millions of cells integrated on a single chip. In general, memory can be rewritten several million times (RAM) is more like a board than a tombstone (ROM) that can only be written once. • The processor (also called central processing unit or CPU) consists of a basic of the following:
A typical schematic symbol for an ALU, A and B are operands; R is the output, F is the input of the control unit, D is a state of the output. • The arithmetic logic unit or ALU is a device designed and built to perform basic operations such as arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, ...), logical operations (AND, OR, NOT) and relational comparison operations or . This unit is where does all the computational work. • The control unit is the address of the memory locations containing the instructions that the computer is going to do at that time, retrieves the information by placing it in the ALU operation to be developed. Then transfers the result to appropriate locations in memory. Once the above occurs, the control unit goes to the next instruction (typically located at the following location, unless the instruction is a jump instruction informing the computer that the next instruction will be located in another position in the memory).
The processors may comprise in addition to the aforementioned, other additional units such as floating point unit
Main article: Computer keyboard A computer keyboard is a peripheral, physical or virtual (eg keyboard or touch keyboards), used for entering commands and data into a computer. It originates from the teletype and electric typewriters, which were used as keyboards of the first computers and storage devices (tape recorders, paper and punch cards). Although physically there are a myriad of shapes, are usually classified primarily by the distribution of alpha-numeric keyboard in your area, except in very special because it is common to all devices and manufacturers (including Arabs and Japanese keyboard).
The mouse (English, pronounced [maʊs]) or mouse is a computer peripheral for manual use, used as input data or control. Used with one of the two hands of the user and detects the relative motion in two dimensions on the horizontal surface on which it rests, usually reflected through a pointer or arrow on the monitor. Previously, information was transmitted offset by the movement of a ball under the mouse, which drives two rollers corresponding to the axes X and Y. Today, the pointer reacts to movements due to a beam of light reflected between the mouse and the surface it is. It should be noted that an optical mouse resting on a mirror or a painting for example, is unusable because the laser light does not play its proper role. The surface to support the mouse should be opaque, a surface that does not generate a reflection, it is advisable to use mats.
A printer is a computer peripheral that allows you to produce a permanent copy of text or graphics of documents stored in electronic format, printing on gloss data on physical media, usually paper or transparencies, using ink or laser technology. Many printers are used as peripherals, and are permanently attached to the computer by a cable. Other printers, network printers calls, have internal network interface (typically wireless or Ethernet), and can serve as a device to print on any documents to any network user. Today multifunction printers are sold apart from their printer functions operate simultaneously as a copier and scanner, this type of printer being the most recurrent in the market.
THIS WAS REDUCED FROM WIKIPEDIA
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computadora
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario